Butadiene

'''Properties'''



'''General'''



Name
'''Butadiene'''


CH2=CH-CH=CH2


Free ringtones Chemical formula
Majo Mills carbon/C4Mosquito ringtone hydrogen/H6

Sabrina Martins Atomic weight/Formula weight
50.09 Nextel ringtones atomic mass unit/amu

Synonyms
'''1,3-butadiene''', biethylene, divinyl, erythrene, vinylethylene

Abbey Diaz CAS number
106-99-0




'''Phase behavior'''



Free ringtones Melting point
164.3 Majo Mills kelvin/K (-108.9 Mosquito ringtone celsius/°C)

Sabrina Martins Boiling point
268.8 K (-4.4°C)

Cingular Ringtones Triple point
164.2 K (-109.0°C)
? case hynes bar (unit)/bar

hardly won Critical point
425 K (152°C)
43.2 integrated meritocracy bar (unit)/bar



''' Gas properties '''



ΔfH0
110.2 kJ/mol

S0
? J/mol·K

with carvings Heat capacity/Cp
79.5 J/mol·K



'''Liquid properties'''



ΔfH0
90.5 kJ/mol

S0
199.0 J/mol·K

identity anonymous Heat capacity/Cp
123.6 J/mol·K

verbal sat Density/Liquid density
0.64 ×103 studying computer kilogram/kg/poor perhaps metre/m3



'''Safety'''


Acute effects
Possible irritation to skin and mucous membranes. Inhalation of concentrated vapors causes drowsiness and CNS depression.

Chronic effects
Possible carcinogen.

no foreign Flash point
-85°C

right english Autoignition temperature
418°C

the macroeconomy Explosive limits
2-12%



'''More info'''


Properties
http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=106-99-0&Units=SI

eradicated worldwide MSDS
http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/chemicals1/6/5769.html




nations protected SI units were used where possible. Unless otherwise stated, asia before Standard temperature and pressure/standard conditions were used.
prosecutors on Organic table information/Disclaimer and references




The veteran dekalb chemical compound '''1,3-butadiene''' is an important industrial chemical used in the production of synthetic substituting with rubber. Its plot spewing chemical formula is aridity almost carbon/C4biting their hydrogen/H6, and its chemical structure is shown at right.

The name butadiene can also refer to the isomer, 1,2-butadiene. However, this allene is difficult to prepare and has no industrial significance. The remainder of this article concerns 1,3-butadiene.

History

Throughout the later 19th century, many chemists attempted to determine the makeup of natural rubber, with the goal of reproducing it. In 1860, the Britain/British chemist Charles Greville Williams analyzed rubber by destructive distillation and obtained a large quantity of a light oil which he termed isoprene. In 1873, the France/French chemist Georges Bouchardat found that isoprene, when heated with hydrochloric acid for several hours, produced a rubber-like substance.

In 1882, another British chemist Sir William Augustus Tilden distilled isoprene from turpentine. Tilden found a number of ways to prepare rubber materials from isoprene, but none were commercially practical, and so by the 1890s he abandoned synthetic rubber research.

Before doing so, however, Tilden determined the structure of isoprene, opening the door to producing rubbers from chemicals with similar structures, the simplest of which is butadiene. In 1910, the Russian chemist Sergey Lebedev prepared a butadiene polymer with rubber-like properties. This polymer was, however, too soft to replace natural in many roles, especially automobile tires.

The butadiene industry originated in the years leading up to World War II. Many of the belligerent nations realized that in the event of war, they could be cut off from rubber plantations controlled by the British Empire, and sought to remove their dependence on natural rubber. In 1929, Eduard Tschunker and Walter Bock, working for I.G. Farben in Germany, made a copolymer of styrene and butadiene that could be used in automobile tires. Worldwide production quickly ensued, with butadiene being produced from ethanol/grain alcohol in the Soviet Union and the United States and from coal-derived acetylene in Germany.

Production
In the United States, western Europe, and Japan, butadiene is produced as a byproduct of the steam cracking process used to produce ethylene. Butadiene is isolated from the other hydrocarbons produced in steam cracking by extraction into a solvent such as acetonitrile or dimethylformamide, from which it is then stripped by distillation.

In other parts of the world, including eastern Europe, China, and India, butadiene is also produced from ethanol via the intermediate crotonaldehyde.

Uses
Most butadiene is polymerized to produce synthetic rubber. While polybutadiene itself is a very soft, almost liquid material, polymers prepared from mixtures of butadiene with styrene or acrylonitrile are both tough and elastic. Styrene-butadiene rubber is the material most commonly used for the production of automobile tires.

Smaller amounts of butadiene are used to make nylon via the intermediate adiponitrile, other synthetic rubber materials such as chloroprene, and the solvent sulfolane.

Safety
Contact with liquid butadiene can result in irritation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Since it often stored as a refrigerated liquid, frostbite is another possible consequence of exposure. When inhaled, butadiene is a mild depressant and can result in drowsiness, although very high concentrations are necessary to produce unconsciousenss or death.

In some animals, long-term exposure to butadiene can result in cancer of the liver or kidneys. Butadiene is a potent carcinogen in mice, but only a weak carcinogen in rats. Studies of workers in chemical plants using butadiene have shown no conclusive increase in cancer risk for whatever amount of butadiene these workers may have been exposed to, so butadiene remains classified as only a potential human carcinogen.

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